Acts 15:1-30A hierarchy among presbyters, at least functionally, appears to have existed among the Apostles in the Jerusalem church. James, referred to in later historical documents as the Bishop of Jerusalem, seems to have been the archon in the Jerusalem church, based on the authority he exercised over the Jerusalem congregation and churches outside Jerusalem.
A council was called to decide a dispute over what should be required of Gentile converts relative to circumcision and Jewish observance of the Law. The apostles and elders (presbyteroi) convene to hear the various perspectives and James pronounces a decision in 15:19 on behalf of the assembly. Paul and Timothy deliver the Council’s decision in Acts 16:4.
James’ exercise of authority in the council when he pronounces a final judgment on the question before them indicates a position of authority relative to the presbyters and Apostles who are present. Likewise, the sending of emissaries with the judgment to distant churches is also consistent with the exercise of authority similar in function to diocesan bishops that were clearly in place by the second century.
Similarly, see Paul's instructions to Timothy and Titus who also appear to have authority and responsibility for more than one church in the area.
